Complex network model reveals the positive effect of melatonin on bone parameters in rats with induced hypoestrogenism

Our results suggest that MEL administration positively influences bone mechanics under different stress conditions and prevents deterioration related to osteometabolic disorders caused by OVX. Complex network analyses highlighted biomechanical variables as central in groups treated with MEL, while biophysical variables acted as key connectors. These findings provide an integrative understanding of the physiological adaptations promoted by MEL to maintain bone strength, through reorganization of the functional importance of biomechanical and biophysical parameters under hypoestrogenism conditions over 12 weeks.