Genotypic spectrum and prevalence of HPV associated with cervical cancer in Palestine

Cervical cancer remains a significant global public health issue, primarily driven by persistent infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Understanding HPV prevalence, genotype distribution, and epidemiological patterns is essential for effective cervical cancer prevention and management. This retrospective study analysed 48 paraffin-embedded cervical tissue samples from Palestinian women diagnosed with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma between 2014 and 2024. DNA extraction was successful for 40 cases. HPV detection was conducted via nested PCR targeting the HPV L1 gene, followed by genotype identification using Sanger sequencing. HPV was detected in 82.5% of samples, predominantly consisting of high-risk HPV types (77.5%), with HPV16 (32.5%) and HPV18 (10%) being the most prevalent. Women aged 50–59 years exhibited the highest HPV positivity rate. The geographical distribution showed distinct regional variations, particularly clusters of HPV16 infections in specific Palestinian regions. The high prevalence of HPV, particularly high-risk genotypes such as HPV16 and HPV18, underscores the urgent need for nationwide HPV vaccination and standardized cervical cancer screening programs in Palestine. These findings provide critical epidemiological insights necessary to inform and optimize local public health strategies.