Validation of the electrical potential method for the liquid metal local velocity and temperature measurements under the magnetic field

In the present study, a practical method is proposed and validated for the simultaneous measurement of local flow velocity and temperature in liquid metals under magnetic fields. The method leverages the Seebeck effect to measure temperature and the electromotive force induced by the fluid's motion in a magnetic field to determine velocity. Theoretical analysis and experimental validation confirm the method's accuracy, with temperature deviations within 0.15 K and velocity measurements deviating less than 5%. The study introduces a combined potential method for measuring the Seebeck coefficient of liquid metals, which eliminates errors associated with temperature gradient measurements. Experiments demonstrate that the thermomagnetic effect has a negligible impact on potential measurements under the investigated conditions. This key finding validates a direct signal processing pathway, allowing for the precise determination of velocity by simply eliminating the now-quantified thermoelectric effects from the total measured signal. The findings highlight the method's potential for real-time flow monitoring in high-temperature, opaque fluids, offering significant advancements over traditional measurement techniques.