Perception of case-based collaborative learning in pathology through panel discussion using concept mapping: a quasi-experimental crossover study in phase II MBBS students

Traditional lecture-based teaching in pathology often results in passive learning with limited clinical relevance. The competency-based medical education (CBME) curriculum emphasizes active, integrated learning. To address this, case-based panel discussion with concept mapping (CBPD-CM) was introduced to improve student engagement, conceptual clarity, and application of knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of case-based panel discussions using concept mapping on learning outcomes in pathology and gathered student and faculty perceptions. A quasi experimental crossover study was conducted among 121 Phase II MBBS students. Two pathology topics were delivered via either didactic lectures (DLs) or CBPD-CM, with groups crossing over in the second phase. Knowledge acquisition was assessed through pre- and post-tests using paired t-tests. Student perceptions were collected using a validated Likert-scale questionnaire (Cronbach’s α = 0.8638), and faculty feedback was also obtained. Posttest scores significantly improved in both groups, with CBPD-CM students showing superior performance (p < 0.0001). Over 72% of the students preferred CBPD-CM, highlighting improved concept clarity, active participation, and critical thinking. A total of 83.33% of the faculty also supported its use for promoting engagement, bridging learning gaps with improved time management and also 50% also felt it decreased the faculty workload. Compared with DL, CBPD-CM led to better knowledge retention.Concept mapping helps students to visualize and connect theoretical knowledge with clinical applications. CBPD-CM offers an effective, learner-centered approach in pathology education, enhancing integration, critical thinking, and knowledge retention. Its incorporation into the medical curriculum may strengthen active learning and serve as a model for innovative teaching strategies.