Driving Green Innovation: Unlocking Strategies for Effective Green Human Resource Management Implementation in Ghana

This study investigates strategies for implementing Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) in Ghanaian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Using a structured questionnaire, data was collected from 199 respondents across various organizational roles. The analysis employed non-parametric techniques, including the Kruskal-Wallis H test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Kendall’s W to rank 18 identified GHRM strategies. The findings highlight the top five strategies: accessing green grants and subsidies, conducting a cost-benefit analysis, implementing strict regulations and enforcement, fostering a green leadership and organizational culture, and utilizing green rating and labeling. The study makes theoretical contributions to the Resource-Based View (RBV) by highlighting how internal resources and capabilities can foster environmental sustainability in SMEs. Practically, the study provides a ranked strategy framework to guide policymakers, managers, and stakeholders in developing effective GHRM practices within resource-constrained settings. The study emphasizes the importance of aligning financial, cultural, and regulatory strategies to support Green human resource management in emerging economies such as Ghana.