Factor Structure and Validity of a German Version of the Everyday Discrimination Scale Among Immigrants From Türkiye

Abstract: Introduction: A validated German version of the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS) to assess the frequency of perceived ethnic discrimination is lacking. Despite most validation studies being conducted in the United States, suggesting measurement invariance across ethnic groups, systematic cross-cultural validation is essential. Consequently, we validated a German version of the EDS across three studies in Austria. Results: Factor analyses in a diverse student sample ( N = 1,067; Study 1) and a sample of immigrants from Türkiye ( N = 583; Study 2) revealed a robust single-factor structure and high internal consistency. Study 1 further supported criterion and convergent validity. Multigroup CFA in Study 2 indicated partial scalar invariance across gender. Cognitive interviews ( N = 20 immigrant men from Türkiye; Study 3) indicated high item comprehensibility but variable representativeness. Discussion: Findings support the psychometric adequacy of the German version of the EDS, despite its limited sensitivity to subtle discrimination.