Investigation of turbidity removal using combined cactus and moringa seed powders

Background: Turbidity in surface water has been effectively reduced through the use of synthetic coagulants. However, despite their advantages, these synthetic options can result in significant environmental pollution and often come with high costs that may be prohibitive for many users. The present study investigated the coagulant potential of the grounded seeds of cactus and moringa as cost-effective, innovative, and eco-friendly alternatives in the water treatment industry. Methods: Experimental research was used to investigate the efficiency of a combined moringa and cactus powder in removing turbidity from the water samples. The moringa to cactus percentage ratios: 50:50, 75:25, and 25:75; settling time: 30, 40, and 50 minutes; stirring speeds: 30, 40, and 60 rpm; and pH levels: 5, 7, and 9 were used to examine the turbidity removal efficiency of the blended coagulants. The Central Composite Design (CCD) from Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the treatment conditions. Results: A coagulant ratio (g) of 3:1 (75% moringa: 25% Cactus), settling time of 40 min, stirring speed of 50 rpm, and pH 7 are the optimum conditions to achieve the highest removal efficiency. Conclusion: The study clearly indicated that combining powdered Cactus and moringa seeds improves turbidity reduction efficiency. The blend coagulant is a promising, eco-friendly alternative coagulant to conventional coagulants used in water treatment.