Nationwide epidemiology of candidiasis in Panama, 2010–2020

Candidiasis is one of the most dangerous human diseases caused by fungi, resulting in high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiology is crucial for understanding the spread and risk factors of these infections. However, there is a lack of epidemiological data concerning the prevalence of candidiasis in Panama. Here, we collected and analyzed data from the Ministry of Health and reexamined recent literature to investigate the epidemiology of candidiasis in Panama from 2010 to 2020. Additionally, a dashboard was created to facilitate the visualization and management of the obtained data. Overall, the average prevalence rate of candidiasis in Panama was 198 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with a higher incidence in women than in men. The most affected provinces are Veraguas, Los Santos, and the Guna Yala Comarca, while Panama and Colon recorded few cases. The age groups most affected ranged from 0 to 4 and 20 to 24 years old. The highest mortality rates were observed among children under one year of age and individuals over 65 years old. These findings highlight the importance of conducting larger national studies to create prevention and treatment strategies that are specific to local conditions.