Le Chatelier’s principle and metabolism: Biothermodynamic analysis of the metabolic pathway for synthesis of glucagon

Glucagon is the main catabolic hormone in the human organism. Glucagon has been well studied from the aspect of life and biomedical sciences. However, no analysis of glucagon based on chemical thermodynamics can be found in the literature. The approach of biothermodynamics would allow to study the driving force of glucagon production, as well as provide an understanding of the process from the aspect of the fundamental laws of nature. This research reports an analysis of glucagon with the methodology of biothermodynamics. Based on the protein sequences, chemical and thermodynamic characterization of glucagon, proglucagon, preproglucagon and related peptides is performed, with the atom counting method and Patel?Erickson?Battley model. Reactions of translation at the ribosomes and post-translational processing are formulated and their driving force (Gibbs energy change) is calculated. The process of translation at the ribosomes that produces preproglucagon is studied from the aspect of chemical thermodynamics. Based on Gibbs energy, an analysis is performed of the metabolic pathway for production of glucagon. The role of Le Chatelier?s principle in coupling of the reactions in the metabolic pathway is studied. Finally, a discussion is made of applications of the biothermodynamic methodology in omics research for determination of feasibility of metabolic pathways.