Building a Radio AGN Sample from Cosmic Morning—The Radio High-Redshift Quasar Catalog (RHzQCat): I. Catalog from SDSS Quasars and Radio Surveys at z ≥ 3

Radio-loud high-redshift quasars (RHRQs) provide crucial insights into the evolution of relativistic jets and their connection to the growth of supermassive black holes. Beyond the extensively studied population at z≥5, the cosmic morning epoch (3≲z≲5) marks the peak of active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity and black hole accretion, yet remains relatively unexplored. In this work, we compiled the radio high-redshift quasar catalog (RHzQCat) by cross-matching the SDSS DR16Q catalog with four major radio surveys—FIRST, NVSS, RACS, and GLEAM. Our tier-based cross-matching framework and visual validation ensured reliable source identification across surveys with diverse beam sizes. The catalog included 1629 reliable and 315 candidate RHRQs, with radio luminosities uniformly spanning 1025.5–1029.3 W Hz−1. About 95% of the confirmed sources exhibited compact morphologies, consistent with Doppler-boosted or young AGN populations at high redshifts. Our catalog increases the number of known RHRQs at z≥3 by an order of magnitude, representing the largest and most homogeneous catalog of radio quasars at cosmic morning, filling the observational gap between the early (z>6) and local Universe. It provides a robust reference for future statistical studies of jet evolution, AGN feedback, and cosmic magnetism with next-generation facilities such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA).

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Publication Details

Journal
Universe
Published
2025-11-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11120392
Primary Topic
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Building a Radio AGN Sample from Cosmic Morning—The Radio High-Redshift Quasar Catalog (RHzQCat): I. Catalog from SDSS Quasars and Radio Surveys at z ≥ 3

S. Liao, Tao An, Xiang Ji, S. Frey et al.
Universe
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
article

Building a Radio AGN Sample from Cosmic Morning—The Radio High-Redshift Quasar Catalog (RHzQCat): I. Catalog from SDSS Quasars and Radio Surveys at z ≥ 3

S. Liao, Tao An, Xiang Ji, S. Frey, Ruqiu Lin, Yingkang Zhang, Krisztina Perger, Qiqi Wu
article en

Abstract

Radio-loud high-redshift quasars (RHRQs) provide crucial insights into the evolution of relativistic jets and their connection to the growth of supermassive black holes. Beyond the extensively studied population at z≥5, the cosmic morning epoch (3≲z≲5) marks the peak of active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity and black hole accretion, yet remains relatively unexplored. In this work, we compiled the radio high-redshift quasar catalog (RHzQCat) by cross-matching the SDSS DR16Q catalog with four major radio surveys—FIRST, NVSS, RACS, and GLEAM. Our tier-based cross-matching framework and visual validation ensured reliable source identification across surveys with diverse beam sizes. The catalog included 1629 reliable and 315 candidate RHRQs, with radio luminosities uniformly spanning 1025.5–1029.3 W Hz−1. About 95% of the confirmed sources exhibited compact morphologies, consistent with Doppler-boosted or young AGN populations at high redshifts. Our catalog increases the number of known RHRQs at z≥3 by an order of magnitude, representing the largest and most homogeneous catalog of radio quasars at cosmic morning, filling the observational gap between the early (z>6) and local Universe. It provides a robust reference for future statistical studies of jet evolution, AGN feedback, and cosmic magnetism with next-generation facilities such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA).

UniverseVol. 11(12)
Eötvös Loránd University (HU), University of Massachusetts Amherst (US), Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (CN), Konkoly Observatory (HU), Beijing Chaoyang Emergency Medical Center (CN), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
Openalex Percentile: Top 74%
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
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