Building a Radio AGN Sample from Cosmic Morning—The Radio High-Redshift Quasar Catalog (RHzQCat): I. Catalog from SDSS Quasars and Radio Surveys at z ≥ 3
Radio-loud high-redshift quasars (RHRQs) provide crucial insights into the evolution of relativistic jets and their connection to the growth of supermassive black holes. Beyond the extensively studied population at z≥5, the cosmic morning epoch (3≲z≲5) marks the peak of active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity and black hole accretion, yet remains relatively unexplored. In this work, we compiled the radio high-redshift quasar catalog (RHzQCat) by cross-matching the SDSS DR16Q catalog with four major radio surveys—FIRST, NVSS, RACS, and GLEAM. Our tier-based cross-matching framework and visual validation ensured reliable source identification across surveys with diverse beam sizes. The catalog included 1629 reliable and 315 candidate RHRQs, with radio luminosities uniformly spanning 1025.5–1029.3 W Hz−1. About 95% of the confirmed sources exhibited compact morphologies, consistent with Doppler-boosted or young AGN populations at high redshifts. Our catalog increases the number of known RHRQs at z≥3 by an order of magnitude, representing the largest and most homogeneous catalog of radio quasars at cosmic morning, filling the observational gap between the early (z>6) and local Universe. It provides a robust reference for future statistical studies of jet evolution, AGN feedback, and cosmic magnetism with next-generation facilities such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA).
Authors
- S. Liao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9346-0211)
- Tao An (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4341-0029)
- Xiang Ji (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5233-4358)
- S. Frey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3079-1889)
- Ruqiu Lin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3987-0858)
- Yingkang Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8256-8887)
- Krisztina Perger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6044-6069)
- Qiqi Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8210-9095)
Institutions
- Eötvös Loránd University (HU)
- University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (CN)
- Konkoly Observatory (HU)
- Beijing Chaoyang Emergency Medical Center (CN)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Universe
- Published
- 2025-11-28
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11120392
- Primary Topic
- Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China