An in-depth theoretical investigation of biomagnetic fluid flow and heat-mass transfer on a porous stretching/shrinking cylinder hosting motile gyrotactic microorganisms

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of various physical parameters on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a porous moving cylinder embedded in a porous medium filled with a biomagnetic nanofluid. The selected nanofluid comprises CoFe2O4 nanoparticles dispersed in human blood, which is relevant to biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia therapy and blood flow simulation. Design/methodology/approach Mathematical modeling is employed to describe the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flow under prescribed surface temperature (PST), prescribed surface concentration (PSC) and prescribed surface microorganism (PSM) boundary conditions. Similarity transformations are applied to convert the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations, which are solved analytically using hypergeometric Kummer functions. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is also utilized to develop a quadratic regression model for the Nusselt number in terms of the Hartmann, Darcy and Eckert numbers. Findings The results show that chemical reaction and gyrotactic microorganism parameters reduce concentration and microorganism distributions. Hartmann and Darcy numbers decrease the Nusselt number, while the Eckert number enhances it. Furthermore, the local skin friction coefficient increases with the Darcy number. Originality/value This study provides new analytical insights into biomagnetic nanofluid flow over a moving porous cylinder subject to multiple boundary conditions. The outcomes advance understanding relevant to the design and optimization of biomedical devices and diagnostic systems based on magneto-fluidic principles.