Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia in Women Laborers of Reproductive Group of 18–49 Years at Construction Sites: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Background: In India, the majority of construction workers are engaged in the informal sector, often working under unsafe and unhygienic conditions with minimal occupational safety. Limited access to healthcare, poor sanitation, malnutrition driven by poverty, and menstrual irregularities among female workers further exacerbate their health risks. These factors collectively contribute to a high burden of anemia among this vulnerable labor force. Understanding the prevalence and determinants of anemia among them is crucial for targeted interventions and improved worker well-being. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anemia among reproductive-age women engaged as laborers of 18–49 years in construction sites. The sample size considered for the study was 147. Hemoglobin levels were measured using a portable hemoglobinometer (HemoCue). Anemia was defined as hemoglobin <12 g/dL. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistical software. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 82.99% (122/147). The majority, 73 (49.7%), had mild anemia, while 36 (24.5%) had moderate anemia, and 13 (8.8%) had severe anemia. Younger individuals (<30 years) were more likely to have anemia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.14, P < 0.001). Married individuals also showed a higher risk (AOR: 4.85, P < 0.001). Educational status was not associated with increased anemia (AOR: 1.16, P = 0.51). Menstrual irregularities significantly elevated the risk (odds ratio: 3.56, P < 0.001). Fatigue (AOR: 0.71, P = 0.03) and shortness of breath (AOR: 1.76, P = 0.01) were also linked to anemia. Lack of deworming treatment strongly correlates with anemia (OR: 3.38, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Anemia is highly prevalent among reproductive-age women laborers in construction sites, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address this issue and improve their overall health and productivity.