Innovative magnetic materials in tissue engineering: A review on revolutionizing regenerative strategies

Innovative magnetic materials are revolutionizing tissue engineering by enabling unprecedented remote and spatiotemporal control over regenerative processes. This research review systematically synthesizes cutting-edge advances in the field, highlighting the pivotal role of these materials as dynamic platforms for targeted therapy, controlled mechano-transduction, and mild thermal stimulation. Moving beyond conventional classifications, we delve into next-generation systems including high-performance superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), magneto-responsive hydrogels with tunable viscoelasticity, and 4D-printed shape-memory alloys. The analysis critically examines advanced characterization techniques that link material properties to biological function, as well as innovative design strategies for creating biomimetic scaffolds that facilitate on-demand drug delivery and guided cell differentiation. Furthermore, we document their transformative applications in enhancing the regeneration of complex tissues, such as bone, nerve, and cartilage, and demonstrate significantly improved healing outcomes in preclinical models. Finally, the review outlines the current translational challenges and future trajectories, emphasizing the development of integrated multi-functional platforms and scalable manufacturing processes. Thus, this work serves as a foundational, forward-looking resource to accelerate the clinical translation of next-generation magnetically driven therapies in regenerative medicine.