Case Report: Exclusive localization of Leishman-Donovan bodies in neutrophils on peripheral blood smear in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

This case underscores the diagnostic challenge of VL in immunosuppressed patients. Symptom overlap with autoimmune disorders and atypical parasite locations (e.g., within neutrophils) can delay diagnosis. Morphological examination of blood and bone marrow remains crucial for detecting rare pathogens. In endemic areas, clinicians should routinely check for parasites within neutrophils to reduce misdiagnosis. Future studies should explore neutrophil-parasite interactions and improve infection monitoring strategies in immunocompromised hosts.