Two-dimensional beam scanning programmable bit array antenna with wide frequency tuning range and polarization agility

We demonstrate the design and experimental verification of a programmable bit array antenna with reconfigurable characteristics of the operating frequency, polarization state, and radiating direction. To be more specific, an annular ring-structured radiator is equipped with continuous frequency adjustment functionality through four strategically placed varactor diodes across an annular gap. Additionally, the antenna is fed through an asymmetrically reconfigurable printed Wilkinson power divider, incorporating a Schiffman phase shifter to switch two distinct circular polarizations, while being capable of prescribing desired phases for each programmable radiating element to facilitate the two-dimensional scanning. The theoretical framework of such a design is validated through the fabrication and testing of the array over the 1.4∼2.3 GHz continuous tuning range (48.6%), while four representative operating frequencies are demonstrated. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation outcomes, affirming the reliability of multiple parameter reconfigurable performances of the proposed programmable bit array antenna and thus should offer the enhanced flexibility and versatility in advanced modern communication systems.