RNA interference in Thysanoptera: mechanism, applications, and risk assessment

Thysanoptera, commonly known as thrips, are agricultural pests capable of causing significant crop damage and serving as vectors for plant viruses. RNA interference (RNAi) has been widely studied as a potential approach for pest management due to its species-specific gene silencing mechanism. This review summarizes current research on RNAi mechanisms in Thysanoptera, including dsRNA uptake, intracellular transport, and gene silencing pathways. Various RNAi-based pest control strategies, such as host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), and microbe-induced gene silencing (MIGS), are discussed, along with the challenges associated with their implementation. In addition, recent studies on nanoparticle-mediated dsRNA delivery are reviewed, with an emphasis on improving RNAi efficiency and stability under field conditions. Further, RNAi applications in addressing insecticide resistance and reducing viral transmission in thrips are examined. While RNAi presents a potential alternative to traditional chemical control methods, uncertainties remain regarding its systemic transport, environmental persistence, and regulatory assessment. By summarizing recent findings, this review aims to provide an updated perspective on the feasibility and limitations of RNAi technology in Thysanoptera pest management.