Electrosurgery: Principles, Risks, Safety Considerations, and Modeling of Thermal Effects

Electrosurgery has significantly transformed modern surgical practices, offering a versatile and effective approach for cutting, coagulating, and desiccating biological tissue with remarkable precision.This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental principles that underpin electrosurgery, including the electrical mechanisms, tissue interactions, and the various types of thermal injuries that may arise during procedures.It categorizes thermal injuries into direct and indirect types, elucidating the unique risks associated with patients who have implantable electromagnetic devices.Furthermore, the review emphasizes the critical role of modeling thermal effects in electrosurgical procedures, highlighting how computational simulations can predict tissue damage and enhance safety measures.By deepening the understanding of these intricate concepts, surgeons are better equipped to optimize patient outcomes, minimize complications, and ensure the safe application of electrosurgical techniques.Ultimately, this review aims to bridge existing knowledge gaps and promote best practices in the field of electrosurgery, reinforcing its role as a vital tool in contemporary surgical settings.