Factors associated with disaster nursing competence among emergency department nurses: the roles of disaster preparedness, self-efficacy, and communication ability

Given that disaster preparedness showed the strongest association, institutional investment in systematic, continuous, and practice-based disaster education and drills should be considered a central strategy for strengthening emergency department nurses' competence and overall emergency response capacity. In addition, given the demonstrated contributions of self-efficacy and communication ability, institutions should incorporate structured programmes and interprofessional exercises that enhance nurses' confidence and communication skills.