Exploring nonlinear impacts of big data analytics capabilities on ESG integration and sustainable business model innovation in Chinese manufacturing

Purpose This study aims to examine how big data analytics capabilities (BDAC) and sustainable dynamic capabilities (SDC) influence sustainable business model innovation (SBMI) through environmental, social and governance (ESG) Integration, and investigates the moderating role of digital culture (DC). Design/methodology/approach Survey data from 320 Chinese manufacturing firms were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling, complemented by artificial neural networks to enhance predictive validity and robustness. Findings The results show that BDAC significantly enhances SDC, which in turn strengthens ESG Integration. ESG Integration mediates the effects of both BDAC and SDC on SBMI. Moreover, SDC act as a mediator between BDAC and ESG Integration, indicating that organizational dynamic capabilities are transformed into ESG outcomes through technological capabilities. An inverted U-shaped relationship is identified between BDAC and ESG Integration, suggesting that moderate levels of BDAC promote ESG alignment, while overinvestment may lead to diminishing or adverse effects. The direct effects of BDAC and SDC on SBMI are not significant, and the moderating effect of DC on the BDAC–ESG Integration relationship is unsupported. Research limitations/implications The study is limited by its regional scope, cross-sectional design and omission of institutional factors. Future research should expand to other regions, adopt longitudinal data and compare across economies to test generalizability. Originality/value This study advances the capability–integration–innovation literature by highlighting ESG Integration as a central mediator, identifying nonlinear effects of BDAC and clarifying the limited role of DC. It extends the applicability of dynamic capability theory and sustainability theory in Asian emerging markets.