Exploring the association between immune-inflammation index and carotid plaque formation: a cross-sectional study in a large Chinese health screening population

AISI emerged as the most robust inflammatory biomarker for carotid plaque prediction among composite indices, suggesting its superior ability to capture the complex interplay between neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, and lymphocytes in atherosclerosis. The developed four-variable model combining AISI with traditional risk factors provides a clinically feasible tool for carotid atherosclerosis risk stratification in Chinese populations, potentially enhancing early detection and preventive interventions.