A comprehensive review of agricultural waste activated carbon as anodes for lithium-ion batteries

This article presents current advances in biomass carbon electrode (CE) synthesis using bio-waste for energy storage (batteries/supercapacitors). The use of biomass residues as the main starting material for the synthesis of CEs has been growing since biomass residues are a renewable resource with relatively low processing costs, which is suitable for an economically and technically sustainable process. This paper discusses the use of diverse biomasses in the synthesis of CEs using various pyrolysis methods and experimental settings and identifies the potential impacts on their properties. It examines the feasibility of using activated carbon (AC) produced from agricultural waste as a high-performance and environmentally friendly anode material for lithium-ion batteries. A comprehensive analysis of the varied biomass types used in the production of CEs with very effective electrochemical characteristics for batteries/supercapacitors were presented. Batteries are electrochemical energy storage devices that store energy through chemical reactions while Supercapacitors are electrical energy storage devices that store energy through electrostatic charge accumulation at the electrode–electrolyte interface, not by chemical reaction. This study provides a thorough grasp of recent advances, challenges and goals of biomass residues as AC anode material in energy storage systems. • Agro-waste anodes may revolutionize future sustainable energy storage technologies. • Porous agro-waste carbon anodes boost lithium mobility, enabling faster charging. • Scalability is crucial for widespread use of agro-waste anodes. • Agro-waste AC’s unique properties suit it for Li-ion storage. • Producing activated carbon from agricultural waste for Li+ anodes is sustainable.