Clinical application of the 4D flow sequence in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Practical examples

Part of the complexity of heart and large vessels flows analysis in cardiac magnetic resonance relies in its variability over time and multiple directions, so the analysis using two-dimensional phase contrast sequences requires time for planning and acquiring multiple sequences, which increases significantly the study time.The 4D flow sequence in cardiac magnetic resonance is a technique that allows a comprehensive and precise assessment of these flows in a single free breathing acquisition, characteristic that are particularly useful in the study of congenital heart disease.We present three cases of patients with simple and complex congenital heart diseases, where the usefulness of this technique is illustrated.