Power dynamics in global supply networks at times of supply crisis

This study investigates the shifting power dynamics within global supply networks amidst supply scarcity and the implications for supply security. It focuses on the impact of the semiconductor shortages on automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) between 2020 and 2024, where traditional hierarchies of power shifted, and OEMs had to increasingly rely on their lower-tier suppliers for supply and innovation. Data are collected using a mix of participatory observations, interviews, and secondary sources from the focal OEM (and its holding group), its suppliers, its distributors, and market experts. Utilizing resource dependence theory as a framework, we explore how OEMs navigate these dependencies to secure their supply while facing scarcity. Through an analysis spanning micro (firm), meso (inter-firm and supply network), and macro (environment) levels, this study offers insights into the sources of power and dependencies in the network, strategies for mitigating vulnerabilities and ensuring continuity of supply vis-à-vis dependency. The key strategies identified include diversifying the supplier base, forming strategic alliances, and enhancing information sharing. Further, it reveals the importance of understanding and managing interdependencies within the macro and meso levels, in addition to the micro level, to maintain power balance and the continuous supply of critical components. This study contributes to the literature by advancing the understanding of power dynamics during supply crises and providing practical recommendations for managing interdependencies to maintain supply chain resilience. • Shifting power dynamics in automotive supply networks during semiconductor shortages of 2020–2023. • OEMs' increased vulnerability due to reliance on lower-tier suppliers for innovation and resources. • Diversification, horizontal alliances, and enhanced information sharing can decrease vulnerability. • Interdependencies need to be managed at micro, meso, and macro levels in global supply networks.