A Haptic-Driven Serious Game for Cognitive Stimulation and Visual Impairment Mitigation in Older Adults Based on the Design-Play-Experience Framework: Cross-Sectional Mixed Methods Pilot Study

This study developed and validated a haptic, serious game for older adults. Its innovation lies in the systematic application of the DPE framework to achieve "haptic substitution for vision," which differs from previous research that focused on general immersive experiences. The main contribution of this study is providing a reusable design blueprint for creating easy-to-use cognitive training tools. These findings have practical implications in the real world, providing a feasible approach for deploying low visual load interventions in communities and care facilities.