Phytochemical profiling and cognitive enhancement effects of <i>Astragalus peregrinus</i> extract and its nanostructured lipid carrier in a D-galactose-induced aging rat model

One of the primary indicators of mental diseases that cause gradual cognitive impairment is brain ageing. Since the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants on brain ageing have been established, we explored the potential impact of <i>Astragalus peregrinus</i> on brain ageing. We pharmaceutically developed nanoformulation (AP-NLCs) to improve bioavailability and target drug delivery to the brain. Then evaluated the DPPH radical scavenging and AChE inhibitory properties of <i>A. peregrinus</i> crude extract, its fractions and AP-NLCs. The crude extract showed the highest antioxidant activity. We analyse its metabolic profile using UPLC-QTOF-HRMS/MS, which identified thirty-nine metabolites. Crude extract and AP-NLCs potential to prevent and treat D-galactose-induced brain ageing in rats was further investigated compared to Donepezil as a standard drug . They exhibited regression of neurodegenerative features and enhanced brain function and cognitive performance. Additionally, they promoted significant histopathological recovery. The results support using <i>A. peregrinus</i> nano-formulation intranasally, especially when administered prophylactically, to alleviate brain ageing.