Phytochemical studies on the roots of <i>Polygala vulgaris</i>

Several <i>Polygala</i> species have been widely used in folk medicine for the cure of mainly neurological disorders. <i>Polygala vulgaris</i> is one of the polyploid species in the flora of Türkiye. The studies on the dried roots of this species resulted in the isolation of seven sucrose mono- and diesters (<b>1</b>-<b>7</b>), a known lignan glycoside, liriodendrin (<b>8</b>), a xanthone <i>O</i>-glycoside, 7-<i>O</i>-β-glucopyranosyloxy-1-hydroxy-2,3,4-trimethoxyxanthone (<b>9</b>), three previously described tetrasaccharide multiesters fallaxoses C, D and senegose G (<b>10</b>-<b>12</b>), three newly described tetrasaccharide multiesters (vulgaroses A, B and C) (<b>13</b>-<b>15</b>) and two known saponins (polygalasaponin XLIV and E-senegasaponin c) (<b>16</b>-<b>17)</b>. The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods including 1D-NMR (¹H-NMR,¹³C-NMR, DEPT-135, 1D selective ROESY), 2D-NMR (COSY, HSQC, HSQC-TOCSY, TOCSY, HMBC, NOESY, ROESY) and HRMS.