Improved solvent systems for commercially viable perovskite photovoltaic modules
Commercializing perovskite photovoltaics requires overcoming three critical barriers: the use of toxic solvents in manufacturing, variations in perovskite film quality across large areas, and limited operational reliability. Here, we address these challenges by developing a green solvent-based (γ-valerolactone/2-methyl tetrahydrofuran/dimethylsulfoxide) ink and a solvent-confinement edge-protection strategy, demonstrating large-scale manufacturing of defect-minimized perovskite films under ambient-air conditions. These approaches enabled the production of 7200-square-centimeter perovskite photovoltaic modules that achieved a total-area steady-state efficiency of 17.2% (certified by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory) and that passed all IEC 61215 reliability standards (certified by TÜV Rheinland). This work demonstrates an environmentally responsible path toward commercial manufacturing of perovskite photovoltaics.
Authors
- Yuanbo Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4423-3637)
- Dongdong Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1115-1221)
- Jing Lou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0806-903X)
- Ye Liu
- Tiantian Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9240-2010)
- Weiwei Zuo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9135-1628)
- Hairen Tan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0821-476X)
- Manya Li
- Victor Marrugat‐Arnal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8564-7895)
- Makhsud I. Saidaminov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3850-666X)
- Michael Saliba (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6818-9781)
- Han Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9238-8569)
- Gongtao Duan
- Zijing Chu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8389-398X)
- Ke Xiao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2898-9709)
- Yinke Wang
- Yuxuan Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4693-5568)
- Chenyang Duan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-6391)
- Chao Chang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4081-1583)
- Long Jiang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-7228)
- Xin Luo
- Jiajia Hong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8701-1353)
- Hongfei Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3202-9128)
- Wen Ou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0818-3388)
- Navid Tavakoli
Institutions
- University of Stuttgart (DE)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE)
- Shanxi Medical University (CN)
- University of Victoria (CA)
- Suzhou University of Technology (CN)
- China Electric Equipment Group (China) (CN)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures (CN)
- Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital (CN)
- Nanjing University (CN)
- China National Petroleum Corporation (China) (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Science
- Published
- 2025-12-04
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adz0091
- Citations
- 9
- Primary Topic
- Perovskite Materials and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 6.57