Traces of Advaita Vedānta in Balinese Hindu Theo-philosophy: A Hermeneutic Approach

This study aims to examine the traces of Advaita Vedānta teachings in Hindu theo-philosophy in Bali through a hermeneutic approach. The non-dualistic doctrine rooted in Śaṅkara’s thought has undergone transformation and adaptation within the Balinese local discourse, both textually and in religious practice. Tattwa manuscripts such as Tattwa Jñāna, Bhuwana Kosa, and Tuturan Bhatāra Rsi Agastya demonstrate a strong presence of the principle of unity between Ātman and Brahman, though expressed through symbolic and culturally distinct Balinese language. This research finds that the Advaita concept is not merely a metaphysical doctrine, but also shapes the ethical and ecological consciousness of Balinese society, as reflected in the principles of rwa bhineda, Tri Hita Karana, and the balance between sekala–niskala. Through a Gadamerian hermeneutic approach that emphasizes the fusion of horizons, the role of tradition, and the historicity of understanding, complemented by Ricoeur’s symbolic hermeneutics, the interpretation of Advaita texts and practices becomes not merely textual, but a dialogical and contextual process that discloses symbolic meanings continually negotiated within socio-cultural realities. These findings affirm that Advaita in Bali is not an imitation of India but a localized form of spiritual universality embedded within tradition. This research contributes to the strengthening of local Hindu philosophy while also offering spiritual reflections relevant to addressing global existential and ecological crises.