Concurrent Neural and Vascular Variations in the Gluteal Region Involving the Sciatic Nerve, Inferior Gluteal Nerve, and Gluteal Arteries: A Cadaveric Case Report

Anatomical variations in the gluteal region are not uncommon, but concurrent neurovascular anomalies are rarely reported. During routine cadaveric dissection, we identified a rare configuration in a 91-year-old male cadaver involving both neural and vascular variants. The sciatic nerve divides at the level of the piriformis, with the common fibular division piercing the muscle and the tibial division exiting below. Additionally, a branch of the inferior gluteal nerve also passed through the piriformis, accompanied by an anastomosis between the superior and inferior gluteal arteries. While each variation has been individually described in the literature, their simultaneous occurrence in a single gluteal region is uncommon. This case highlights the complexity of gluteal anatomy and underscores the importance of recognizing such variations during surgical planning, diagnostic imaging, and anatomical education to reduce iatrogenic risk and enhance clinical outcomes.