On Erdős’ last equation

For a positive integer <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n greater-than-or-equal-to 2"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≥ </mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n\ge 2</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , we look at the number of solutions of the Diophantine equation <disp-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n left-parenthesis x 1 plus midline-horizontal-ellipsis plus x Subscript n Baseline right-parenthesis equals x 1 midline-horizontal-ellipsis x Subscript n Baseline period"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ⋯ </mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo> ⋯ </mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\begin{equation*} n(x_1+\cdots +x_n)=x_1\cdots x_n. \end{equation*}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </disp-formula> Denoting by <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f left-parenthesis n right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f(n)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> this number we show that <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="limit inf log f left-parenthesis n right-parenthesis slash log n equals 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:munder> <mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim inf</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false"> → </mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞ </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:munder> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ⁡ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ⁡ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\liminf _{n\to \infty } \log f(n)/\log n=0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> .

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Journal
Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
Published
2025-12-04
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1090/proc/17515
Primary Topic
Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory
Type
article
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article

On Erdős’ last equation

Florian Luca, István Pink, Csaba Sándor
Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory
article

On Erdős’ last equation

Florian Luca, István Pink, Csaba Sándor
article en

Abstract

For a positive integer <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n greater-than-or-equal-to 2"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≥ </mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n\ge 2</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , we look at the number of solutions of the Diophantine equation <disp-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n left-parenthesis x 1 plus midline-horizontal-ellipsis plus x Subscript n Baseline right-parenthesis equals x 1 midline-horizontal-ellipsis x Subscript n Baseline period"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ⋯ </mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo> ⋯ </mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\begin{equation*} n(x_1+\cdots +x_n)=x_1\cdots x_n. \end{equation*}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </disp-formula> Denoting by <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f left-parenthesis n right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f(n)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> this number we show that <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="limit inf log f left-parenthesis n right-parenthesis slash log n equals 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:munder> <mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim inf</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false"> → </mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞ </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:munder> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ⁡ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ⁡ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\liminf _{n\to \infty } \log f(n)/\log n=0</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> .

Proceedings of the American Mathematical SocietyVol. 154(2)
HUN-REN Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics (HU), University of Debrecen (HU), Stellenbosch University (ZA), Max Planck Institute for Software Systems (DE)
Openalex Percentile: Top 57%
Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory
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