Endovascular Management of Renal Arteriovenous Fistula Associated with Nutcracker Syndrome

The co-existence of renal AVFs and NCS may exacerbate venous hypertension and aggravate PCS symptoms. Endovascular embolisation offers a safe, minimally invasive, and effective therapeutic option in anatomically complex cases, avoiding the morbidity of open surgery. This case highlights the need to consider vascular anomalies such as AVFs and NCS in women with PCS. Staged endovascular embolisation can provide excellent outcomes in select patients.