Patterns of Brachial Plexus Injuries: An Ethiopian Experience

BACKGROUND: Brachial plexus injuries significantly affect upper limb functionality, particularly among young men in developing countries like Ethiopia. This study aims to describe the patterns of adult brachial plexus injuries at ALERT Hospital, focusing on demographic distribution, injury types, associated injuries, and surgical interventions. Currently, no similar studies exist in the country. METHODS: A retrospective chart review analyzed data from 21 patients who underwent surgery for traumatic brachial plexus injuries at ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa through November 2024. Statistical analyses were conducted using Excel and SPSS, employing frequency tables and charts for verification. RESULTS: Of the cases reviewed, 66% presented with supraclavicular injuries, and nearly half were classified as severe. Men accounted for 76% of cases. Road traffic accidents comprised 43% of cases, primarily involving passengers in rollover incidents. Other mechanisms included gunshot wounds (resulting in four panplexus injuries), falls, and machine-related injuries. The association between the injury site and coexisting injuries was less pronounced than in previous studies, with associated injuries occurring in 33% of patients—most commonly clavicular and humeral fractures. Surgical interventions mainly included early nerve repair, grafting, and transfer, along with late tendon transfers and functional muscle transfers. CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable insights into the demographic and clinical characteristics of adult brachial plexus injuries in Ethiopia, revealing unique patterns of presentation and management. As the first of its kind in the country, these findings are essential for understanding the burden of this condition and refining treatment approaches.