Effects of Magnesium Sulphate Fertilization on Glucosinolate Accumulation in Watercress (Nasturtium officinale)

Watercress is a nutrient-dense, aquatic leafy vegetable with significant public health and economic potential. Hydroponically cultivated watercress can offer greater nutritional benefits due to the controlled delivery of specific nutrients. From an agronomist’s perspective, watercress has the advantage of optimized environmental resource efficiency, achieved through reduced energy, chemical, and water consumption, as well as its short cultivation cycle. Glucosinolates (GSLs) in watercress enhance sustainable agriculture by naturally protecting crops from pests and diseases, reducing the need for chemical inputs. They also increase market value and shelf-life, supporting resource-efficient and profitable farming. Within the pharmaceutical space, GSLs are well-known for their chemo preventive and anti-inflammatory properties. This review aims to summarize research findings, critically evaluate existing studies to highlight current knowledge, and identify research gaps, and to guide future investigations. The synthesis of the reviewed literature demonstrates that increased sulphate generally improves GSL content. However, not many studies have looked specifically at how magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) affects watercress. This review highlights the specific impact of MgSO4 on GSL production in watercress, which could provide valuable insights for optimizing nutrient management in hydroponic systems and enhancing the health benefits of this nutrient-dense crop.