Expanding Configurational Complexity through Dipole Dilution in Pseudohalide Argyrodite Ion Conductors

The advantageous properties of (pseudo)-halide argyrodite ion conductors of the formula Li₆PS₅ <i>X</i> (<i>X</i> = Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, CN^-) have motivated extensive studies of their structure-transport relationships, particularly as they pertain to the role of atomic site disorder. The argyrodite structure can accommodate additional configurational complexity to promote ion transport via extended three-anion site mixing and the potential for orientational disorder of molecular anions. In this work, we explore a ternary anion system including the cyanide anion, expanding site disorder and introducing dipolar orientations as an additional degree of freedom. We prepared the series Li₆PS₅(CN)_1-<i>x</i> Br _<i>x</i> , in which the dipolar cyanide anions are systematically diluted with bromide. We find that anion disorder, as determined by synchrotron and neutron diffraction and quantified by configurational entropy (<i>S</i> _config), is correlated with lowered activation barriers and increased lithium ion conductivity. We propose that <i>S</i> _config describes the electrostatic heterogeneity of the Li environments, flattening the energetic landscape for ion transport. While anion substitution strongly impacts the activation barrier for transport, the temperature-independent Arrhenius prefactor does not follow the same trend. Through heat-capacity measurements of attempt frequency and deconvolution of terms within the prefactor, we rationalize the apparent decoupling of activation energy and prefactor to strong cyanide-lithium interactions that increase the entropy of migration. Together, these results expand the structure-property relationships in the argyrodite family to encompass multiple facets of disorder and the subsequent impact on lithium ion transport.