Oral Supplementation with Prunus domestica L. Extract Restores Recognition Memory Impairment Caused by D-Galactose in Rats

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Aging-related cognitive decline, linked to oxidative stress and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, is a major contributor to neurodegenerative disorders. In rodents, this condition can be modeled by D-galactose (D-gal) administration, which induces oxidative stress and recognition memory deficits. <i>Prunus domestica</i> L. (PD), rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds with antioxidant properties, may counteract such impairments. This study evaluated the effects of PD extract on D-gal-induced memory decline by analyzing its phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and neuroprotective potential. <b>Methods:</b> Phytochemicals were quantified by colorimetric and pH differential methods, and antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH and FRAP assays. Male Sprague Dawley rats (12 weeks; n = 12/group) were assigned to 8 groups: vehicle, D-gal, PD (75, 100, or 150 mg/kg), and D-gal + PD (same respective doses). D-gal (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and/or PD were administered by oral gavage daily for 8 weeks. Recognition memory was assessed by the novel object recognition (NOR) test. Hippocampal tissues were processed for immunofluorescence staining of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity using the cytochrome C reduction method. <b>Results:</b> PD extract contained abundant phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, and exhibited notable antioxidant activity. D-gal impaired recognition memory, reduced hippocampal cell proliferation, and decreased SOD activity. Co-treatment with PD improved memory performance, enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis, and restored antioxidant enzyme activity. <b>Conclusions:</b> PD extract may protect against D-gal-induced age-related cognitive decline through antioxidant effects and support of hippocampal neurogenesis.