Cognitive and social intervention with Go and chess in early and subjective cognitive decline: The COGniChESs study results, with an updated meta-analysis

BackgroundThere is a growing interest in dementia prevention and scalable cognitive enhancement strategies for individuals at-risk, with or without Alzheimer's disease. Board games have shown potential cognitive and mood benefits, but randomized controlled evidence remains limited and heterogeneous.ObjectiveWe aimed at assessing whether chess and/or Go could improve cognition, mood, and quality of life in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD).MethodsIndividuals with MCI or SCD aged ≥55 years were randomized to one of three arms: chess, Go (each consisting of 12 weekly group sessions), or a waitlist control group. Montreal Cognitive Assessment, digit span, trail making test, categorical fluency, Geriatric Depression Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale were administered at baseline and follow-up. We also updated our previously published meta-analysis including these new results.Results69 subjects completed the study. Categorical fluency improved significantly in the games groups (p < 0.05). No between-group differences were found in overall cognition. A significant group × diagnosis × time interaction showed improved quality of life in MCI participants in the games groups (p = 0.002). A group × gender × time interaction revealed reduced depression in females in the games groups (p = 0.013). The updated meta-analysis confirmed a significant effect on depression (standardized mean differences -0.48, p = 0.013), but not on cognition.ConclusionsThe improvements in mood and quality of life, particularly among females and MCI subjects, underscore the psychological value of board games interventions, possibly through their social component. These activities may foster emotional well-being in older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease, even without cognitive benefits.<b>Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:</b> NCT06281652.