Recent Advances in MoS2-Based Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Structural Features, and Electrochemical Applications

This article presents a review of current research on the use of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and its composites as promising materials for energy storage systems and functional coatings. Various MoS2 morphologies, including nanoflowers, nanoplatelets, and nanorods, are considered, as well as their effects on electrochemical properties and specific capacity. Particular attention is paid to strategies for modifying MoS2 using carbon nanomaterials (graphene, carbon nanotubes, porous carbon) and conductive polymers, which improve electrical conductivity, structural stability, and durability of electrodes. The important role of chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which allows the formation of uniform coatings with high purity, controlled thickness, and improved performance characteristics, is noted. A comparative analysis of advances in the application of MoS2 in sodium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and microwave absorbers is provided. It has been shown that the synergy of MoS2 with carbon and polymer components, as well as the use of advanced deposition technologies, including CVD, opens new prospects for the development of low-cost, stable, and highly efficient energy storage devices.