Occupational traits and burnout among COVID-19 emergency responders on the China-Myanmar border: a mixed method study

The COVID-19 pandemic strained border regions like the China-Myanmar area, worsening control challenges and increasing burnout among healthcare and support workers. This study examined burnout levels, key occupational traits, causes, and protective factors among COVID-19 emergency responders. A mixed-method study in three border counties utilized the Maslach Burnout Inventory for burnout assessment. Quantitative analysis with latent class analysis and logistic regression identified and evaluated occupational traits. Qualitative data from 30 interviews explored frontline experiences, collaboration, and solutions, with context and thematic analyses highlighting burnout causes and protective factors. From 2021 to 2022, surveys included 1,328 frontline and 834 non-frontline workers, alongside 30 in-depth interviews with frontline workers and managers. Four occupational traits were identified: checkpoint enforcement and public service staff, dynamic health team staff, community service staff, and non-frontline clinical and grid management staff. Non-frontline clinical and grid management workers had the highest burnout risk, while checkpoint enforcement and public service staff had the lowest. Qualitative findings highlighted challenges such as unsafe conditions, high demands, and multiple roles contributing to burnout. Protective factors included supportive work environments, character strengths, and effective coordination. To conclude, occupational trait comprising non-frontline clinical staff and grid management roles require targeted interventions due to high burnout risk. Strategies should focus on optimizing work environments, implementing flexible schedules, promoting work-life balance, and enhancing individual resilience. These measures are essential for maintaining workforce efficacy and well-being in crisis settings.