MXene@MOF Composites: Converging Synthesis Strategies, Structural Features, and Emerging Applications

2D materials have attracted a lot of interest since the invention of graphene because of their remarkable qualities and adaptability. The distinct architectures and complementary qualities of MOFs (metal-organic frameworks) and MXenes offer intriguing prospects in various sectors. Derived from MAX phases, MXenes have hydrophilic surfaces, and excellent electrical conductivity. MOFs, on the other hand, provide large surface area, adjustable porosity, and diverse chemical functions. Nevertheless, there are drawbacks associated with both materials. MXenes are prone to oxidation and self-stacking, whereas MOFs have limited structural stability and poor electrical conductivity. The development of MXene@MOF composites provides a synergistic solution, combining the advantages of both materials while reducing their individual drawbacks. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in MXene@MOF composites and provide a focused discussion on their unique structural features, emerging synthesis trends, and rapidly expanding applications. These elements distinguish this work from earlier reviews. This review systematically explores the structures and synthesis methods of these materials, including solvothermal, hydrothermal, and in-situ growth techniques, and examines their wide range of applications. Superior electron transport, high surface area, and improved structural stability lead to enhanced performance of MXene@MOF composites in supercapacitors, water splitting, photocatalysis, and sensing.