DIPLOMACY'S FUNCTION IN GUARANTEEING NATIONAL ENERGY SECURITY

Abstract. This article examines the strategic role of energy diplomacy as a fundamental instrument through which states ensure their energy security, economic resilience, and long-term stability. In the contemporary global landscape – characterised by the transition to renewable energy sources, increasing geopolitical tensions, and rising economic interdependence – traditional mechanisms of energy management are no longer sufficient. The subject of this research is the multidimensional function of diplomacy in strengthening national energy systems, shaping international energy relations, and supporting the implementation of sustainable strategies, with a focus on the case of the Republic of Moldova. Methodologically, the study adopts a theoretical-analytical approach, which involves the examination of academic literature, policy documents, and recent developments in international energy governance. A comparative analysis is also employed to contrast Moldova’s diplomatic initiatives with broader European and regional models of energy cooperation. Additionally, the research uses qualitative policy analysis to explore how diplomatic tools – such as bilateral negotiations, multilateral agreements, and participation in regional energy platforms – contribute to enhancing energy security and diversifying supply sources. This combination of methods enables a holistic understanding of the mechanisms through which diplomacy shapes the national energy agenda. The purpose of the study is to identify the ways in which diplomacy can reduce Moldova’s historical vulnerabilities, especially its dependence on a limited number of external suppliers, and to demonstrate how integrating into European energy structures strengthens both security and economic competitiveness. By analysing diplomatic efforts related to energy diversification, cross-border interconnections, infrastructure development, and cooperation with European institutions, the study highlights the importance of proactive and coherent external engagement.The conclusions indicate that energy diplomacy has become a central pillar of national security policy, particularly for small and geopolitically exposed states such as the Republic of Moldova. Diplomatic actions – including participation in European energy markets, negotiating alternative supply routes, and securing financial and technical support from international partners – significantly increase national resilience. The findings also show that Moldova’s alignment with EU norms and integration into regional networks provide long-term benefits in terms of sustainability, affordability, and infrastructure modernisation. Ultimately, the study demonstrates that diplomacy is not only a tool of political communication but a strategic instrument capable of shaping energy policy, reducing external risks, and ensuring the country’s economic and security interests in an increasingly volatile global environment.