Gender Disparities in Mental Health and Study Demands among Medical Students: A Three-Cohort Study at Two German Universities

Our findings confirm persistent gender differences in mental health and study demands, with women reporting higher distress. We did not find differences in terms of satisfaction with studies or learning. To improve medical students' well-being, we suggest targeted interventions for vulnerable groups using gender-sensitive approaches and designs. Beginners likely benefit from support with self-structuring and managing performance pressure.