Knowledge and integration of social determinants of health among physiotherapists in Spain: a cross-sectional study

Spanish physiotherapists recognize certain SDH, particularly occupation, social support, and socioeconomic status, as highly relevant to health, but often underintegrate them into clinical reasoning-especially determinants such as sexual orientation, religion, and gender. Findings suggest that postgraduate training and community activities are associated with higher integration; these may be targets for future interventions.These strategies could strengthen the biopsychosocial approach in physiotherapy, improve equity in patient care, and align practice with public health priorities.