A Case Report and Literature Review on oral Verruciform Xanthoma

Oral verruciform xanthoma (OVX) is a rare, benign mucocutaneous lesion occurring within the oral cavity. Clinically, it manifests as a soft, slightly elevated lesion with a rough or granular surface and may appear yellowish or reddish in color. The size typically ranges from about 0.2 cm to 2.0 cm in diameter. Histologically, the lesion displays parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium showing papillary or verrucous surface projections and thin rete ridges. The connective tissue papillae extend toward the epithelial surface and are filled with numerous foam cells, also known as xanthoma cells. These foam cells represent lipid-laden macrophages. Surgical excision is the preferred treatment method, and the prognosis is excellent, as recurrence is uncommon.