Construction Waste Reduction in Yola using Circular Economy Approach

The rapid growth in construction activities in Nigeria generates substantial waste, posing significant environmental challenges. The 5R framework (Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose, and Recycle) is a pivotal circular economy strategy for mitigating this issue. This study assesses the composition of construction waste, identifies causative factors, and evaluates the adoption of the 5R concept by construction firms in Yola, Nigeria. A quantitative approach was employed utilizing a structured questionnaire survey administered to 50 construction professionals. Data analysis using descriptive statistics and the Relative Importance Index (RII) revealed a significant gap between awareness and practice; while 60% of respondents were aware of the 5R principle, only 39% implemented it. Tile and wood were identified as the most prevalent waste materials. The primary causes of waste were design modifications, inability to reuse materials, and errors in material specifications. The findings indicate that chronic issues like design changes and inadequate planning persist despite known solutions, indicating that the barriers are rooted in economic, cultural, and regulatory domains rather than a lack of knowledge. The study concludes that overcoming the implementation gap requires a multi-faceted approach, including targeted policy interventions such as enforced waste management plans and landfill taxes, economic incentives demonstrating cost savings, and practical on-site training for workers. Translating 5R awareness into effective jobsite practice is essential for sustainable construction waste management in Yola and other areas with similar waste management challenges.