A dataset of temperature, moisture and electrical conductivity of red soil under long-term fertilization in 2023

<p indent="0mm">Long-term and stable monitoring of temperature, moisture, and electrical conductivity of red soil is essential for understanding the water conservation capacity of ecosystems and the drivers of soil microenvironment changes, providing basic data support for subsequent soil fertility changes and ecosystem research. This dataset is based on the long-term fertilization experiment initialed in 1986. The test is performed in a subtropical monsoon climate, with abundant precipitation but seasonally uneven precipitation. The soil type is classified as red soil, with quaternary red clay as the parent material. Three fertilization treatments were applied: no fertilization (CK), chemical NPK fertilizer (NPK) and NPKM fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer (NPKM). EM50 and 5TE sensors (soil moisture, temperature and electrical conductivity sensors) were used for dynamic monitoring, with data recorded every <sc>30 minutes.</sc> Daily averages were calculated from the 24-hour measurements to form the Soil Temperature, Moisture, and Electrical conductivity tables, containing 365 daily records for the 38th year of the experiment (2023). The raw half-hourly measurements were also retained in the “Soil Temperature Moisture, and Electrical Conductivity-Raw Data” table, totaling 8,760 entries. Note that data for the CK treatment are missing from July 10 to July 27, 2023. Additionally, in March, June and September, soil moisture was measured using the drying method, and surface soil temperature was recorded with a thermometer. Correlation analysis showed that the results of drying method and thermometer were significantly correlated with EM50 instrument readings. Furthermore the dataset also includes a table of local meteorological data (daily temperature, wind speed, pressure and precipitation for 365 days in 2023) and a table of soil pH during the key growth stages of corn, serving as auxiliary reference for soil temperature, moisture, and electrical conductivity. This dataset is available for sharing and download, providing basic data support for the study of red soil dryland ecosystems and soil fertility changes.