How interpersonal psychotherapy groups support recovery from depression: a qualitative study in rural Uganda

Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Groups (IPT-G) is increasingly used to treat depression in resource-limited settings as an affordable alternative to expensive mental health treatments. While evidence supporting the effectiveness of IPT-G in such contexts continues to grow, a clear understanding of what makes IPT-G effective in helping people recover from depression has not been fully explored. We engaged 33 participants recruited from rural Uganda who underwent IPT-G for depression between 2022 and 2024 to identify key moments in their recovery process, signs of healing, and issues they felt did not go well during treatment. Using a semi-structured interview guide, we conducted one-on-one interviews lasting 30–45 min, which were recorded. The data were inductively coded and then analyzed thematically. Results showed that the comparison effect, thought modification, and group effect played significant roles in healing, while abandoning suicidal thoughts and improvements in sleep quality were primary signs of recovery. Additionally, ignoring age differences and breaches of confidentiality hindered the treatment process. The study offers valuable insights for mental health practitioners seeking to improve IPT-G implementation in low-resource communities.