LLM-generated book indexes: can they replace professionally created indexes?

Book indexes allow readers to quickly access the information they seek. Necessary criteria for a book index include completeness (an index must guide the reader to all indexable information in the book), navigability (an index must guide the reader to subtopics and related topics), and accuracy (an index should not contain false or inaccurate information and should reflect the author’s terminology). This article reports on an investigation into whether artificial intelligence (AI) based on large language models (LLMs) is capable of providing indexes that meet these criteria; these LLMs were found to fall far short. At this time, AI cannot replace professional book indexers and it is doubtful that it will be able to do so soon, or even at all.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
The Indexer
Published
2025-12-04
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3828/index.2025.33
Citations
3
Primary Topic
Publishing and Scholarly Communication
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
54.07
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

LLM-generated book indexes: can they replace professionally created indexes?

Elizabeth Bartmess, Michele R. Combs
3 citations
The Indexer
Publishing and Scholarly Communication
54.07
article

LLM-generated book indexes: can they replace professionally created indexes?

Elizabeth Bartmess, Michele R. Combs
article en
3 citations

Abstract

Book indexes allow readers to quickly access the information they seek. Necessary criteria for a book index include completeness (an index must guide the reader to all indexable information in the book), navigability (an index must guide the reader to subtopics and related topics), and accuracy (an index should not contain false or inaccurate information and should reflect the author’s terminology). This article reports on an investigation into whether artificial intelligence (AI) based on large language models (LLMs) is capable of providing indexes that meet these criteria; these LLMs were found to fall far short. At this time, AI cannot replace professional book indexers and it is doubtful that it will be able to do so soon, or even at all.

The IndexerVol. 43(4)
American Society of Civil Engineers (US), Research & Development Corporation (CA)
Openalex Percentile: Top 0%
Publishing and Scholarly Communication
54.07
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.