Dynamics of vortices in uniform Bose quantum liquids

We investigate the vortex structures and dynamics in two-dimensional uniform Bose quantum liquids, accounting for quantum fluctuation effects via solving the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation with Lee-Huang-Yang corrections. Using effective potential field analysis and the finite difference method, we establish the conditions for the existence of vortex excitations in such systems. Our results show that vortex excitations require a minimum background density, which is lower than the equilibrium density. As the vortex topological charge increases, this minimum density approaches the equilibrium density. At the critical density, the condensate's healing length remains finite, but the vortex core size diverges---a phenomenon highlighting the distinct properties of quantum liquids compared to gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates. Furthermore, stability analysis reveals that vortex stability depends on the liquid density, confirmed by dynamical evolution under perturbations.