Placental chorangiomas: Diagnostic challenges and contemporary approaches to fetal care

Abstract Placental chorangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the placenta. Although most are small and asymptomatic lesions, giant chorangiomas are associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Therefore, in those affected by giant placental chorangioma, early diagnosis and intensive fetal monitoring are indicated to screen for fetal compromise and intervene as indicated. In some cases, expectant management or supportive therapies may serve a role. In the setting of fetal compromise, definitive treatment aimed at devascularization of the tumor has been described to gain pregnancy latency and avoid the risks of preterm delivery. Although multiple treatment options have been described, the optimal management of giant placental chorangioma remains undetermined. This narrative review serves to review the definition, diagnosis and pathophysiology of chorangioma, associated pregnancy complications, proposed management, and possible treatment options.