A decade of e-cigarettes: trends and determinants among U.S. middle and high school students (2013–2022)

Our findings indicate that between 2013 and 2019, adolescents in the U.S. experienced a significant upward trend in e-cigarette use. Non-Hispanic White adolescents were the predominant adolescents who use e-cigarettes, followed by Hispanic adolescents. The study suggests this trend could be driven by peer influence and product flavors. However, in 2022, females represented over half of adolescents who had ever used e-cigarettes, indicating a shift in use patterns over time. These results underscore the importance of policy interventions to address e-cigarette use among youth in this population.